Basic Concept of Cellular System


  • Cellular system offers very high capacity in a limited spectrum allocation without any major technologies changes. 
  • It replaces a single high power transmitter(large cell) with many low power transmitters(small cells).
  • It only provides coverage to small portion of area.
  • Each BS is allocated a portion of the total numbers of channels available to the entire system and nearby BSs are assigned different groups of channels so that all available channels are assigned to a relatively small number of neighboring BSs
  • Neighboring BSs are assigned different groups of channels so that the interference between BSs is minimized.

Concept of Frequency Reuse

  • Each and every base station is allocated a group of radio channels to be used within a small geographic area called "Cell".
  • The base station antennas are designed to achieve the desired coverage within the particular cell.
  • By limiting the coverage area to within the boundaries of a cell, the same group of channels may be used to cover different cells.
  • The design process of selecting and allocating channel groups for all the cellular base stations within a system is called frequency reuse.
  • Basically, hexagonal cell shape is used for conceptual and symbolic model of the radio coverage since fewer number of hexagonal shapes can cover a geographic region.

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